![]() In conclusion, the forest has high tree species diversity which is a good stand characteristic of a natural forest. ![]() The mean total density of regenerants was 97 ± 30 stems per hectare with Urtica masaica (90), Lippia javonica (30), Rhus vulgaris (20), being the dominant shrubs. The estimated wood volume per hectare was 395.07 m3. Forest stocking was 435 stems per ha with a mean species basal area of 30.49 m2 per hectare with Nuxia congesta occupying the highest (259.443 m2 per ha) area and Flacoutia indica the lowest (0.0044 m2 per ha), respectively. The Shannon index of tree species diversity ranged between 0.0177 and 0.3620 with Cassipourea malosana having the highest index. ![]() ![]() The Simpson index value ranged between 0.0 and 0.0925 with Cassipourea malosana and Nuxia congesta having the highest index with 0.0925 and 0.0278, respectively. The tree species with the highest importance values were Cassipourea malosana (37%), Nuxia congesta (20%), Olea europaea (10%), and Juniperus procera (10%), among others. A total of 26 tree species and 17 shrubs were recorded. Using a systematic grid of 390 m by 780 m in 77 randomly selected plots of 0.071 ha, located along nine transects, botanical names of tree species, diameter above breast height (dbh), regenerants and key shrub species were recorded in order to determine species diversity index, dominance index, number of shrubs and regenerants, forest stocking and tree basal area, respectively. Ketumbeine Forest Reserve, an isolated forest on a small protruding hill located in the dry area of northern Tanzania has unknown tree species diversity and dominance. This book will be particularly relevant to researchers and lecturers in the field of limnology and aquatic ecology, but is also designed to attract all those interested in nature and life on our planet. “Utilization, management and perspectives” addresses threats such as lake exploitation and pollution, but also considers potential uses. “Organisms and ecology” presents information about the many lake inhabitants, their interactions and adaptations to the extreme living conditions. The book is divided into three main sections: “Genesis, physics and chemistry” tackles lake development and the astounding physico-chemistry of the lakes. The authors, all of whom are leading international experts, summarize research done so far, highlight new and important findings, and provide future outlooks. It covers the full range of issues, from the lakes’ origin and history, life in and around these unique water bodies, to utilization, threats and management considerations. This book is devoted to the alkaline-saline lakes of East Africa, which include the world-famous “flamingo lakes”. This can be achieved through negotiations with regional and global partners for more resources. We therefore underscore the needs for different stakeholders to share the costs of developing a sustainable eco-tourism industry in the Lake Natron ecosystem. Its benefits spill over beyond the local and national boundaries to beneficiaries at regional and interna-tional levels. Sustainable ecotourism is one of such initiatives. The Lake's ecosystem needs to be managed wisely by introducing only livelihood initiatives or de-velopments that are linked to the survival of wildlife which it supports, including the lesser flamingo. We furthermore argue that Lake Natron is part of an important network of ecosystems and should not be viewed as a separate entity altogether. The results of analysis showed that at the present levels of soda ash prices and investment costs the benefits of ecosystem conservation outweigh the benefits of soda ash mining. The costs and benefits of this project were compared with that of two other alternatives namely the ―Business as Usual‖ (BAU) and ―Sustainable Ecotourism‖ (SE). Based on this ground a Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) of a proposed new development (establishment of soda ash facility) in the Lake Natron area in Tanzania was carried out to inform decision regarding the proposal. The XI/22 decisions of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) at its eleventh Conference of Parties invite parties to integrate the three objectives of the CBD into sustainable development and poverty eradication programs, plans, pol-icies, and priority actions, taking into account the outcomes of the Rio+20 Conference.
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